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Most metal dichlorides form octahedral complexes, with stronger O-H bonds. The combination of hydrochloric acid and ZnCl 2 gives a reagent known as "Lucas reagent". Such reagents were once used as a test for primary alcohols. Similar reactions are the basis of industrial routes from methanol and ethanol respectively to methyl chloride and ethyl ...
"Lucas' reagent" is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid. This solution is used to classify alcohols of low molecular weight. The reaction is a substitution in which the chloride replaces a hydroxyl group.
Liberation of hydrogen gas when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid. + () + [2] [3] However, less reactive metals cannot displace the hydrogen from acids. [3] (They may react with oxidizing acids though.) + No reaction
Many chemical reactions involving hydrochloric acid are applied in the production of food, food ingredients, and food additives. Typical products include aspartame, fructose, citric acid, lysine, hydrolyzed vegetable protein as food enhancer, and in gelatin production. Food-grade (extra-pure) hydrochloric acid can be applied when needed for the ...
Strong acids, such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, can remove the passivating layer and the subsequent reaction with the acid releases hydrogen gas. [51] Zinc chemistry resembles that of the late first-row transition metals, nickel and copper, [53] as well as certain main group elements.
A reaction modification with an aromatic phenyl ester as a reactant is called the Fries rearrangement. In the Scholl reaction two arenes couple directly (sometimes called Friedel–Crafts arylation). [22] In the Blanc chloromethylation a chloromethyl group is added to an arene with formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride.
A solution of zinc chloride in hydrochloric acid is a common flux for stainless steels; it has however to be thoroughly removed afterwards as it would cause pitting corrosion. Another highly effective flux is phosphoric acid; its tendency to polymerize at higher temperatures however limits its applications.
Zinc chloride smoke is grey-white and consists of tiny particles of zinc chloride. The most common mixture for generating these is a zinc chloride smoke mixture (HC), consisting of hexachloroethane, grained aluminium and zinc oxide. The smoke consists of zinc chloride, zinc oxychlorides, and hydrochloric acid, which absorb the moisture in