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  2. Clay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay

    Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals [1] (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impurities, such as a reddish or brownish colour from small amounts of iron oxide .

  3. Ultisol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultisol

    The use of soil tests, coupled with the corresponding provisions, can alleviate issues of nutrition and irrigation that can result from non porous Ultisol. [4] Soil tests help indicate the pH, and red clay soil typically has a low pH. [5] The addition of lime is used to help to increase the pH in soil and can help increase the pH in Ultisol as ...

  4. Claypan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claypan

    Plants with shallow roots, might not withstand the soil contraction forces due to the shrinkage of clay in the dry season. The low water infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity may lead to a perched water table form on top of the claypan layer. Water in the perched water table evaporates instead of uptake by plants, especially in the dry ...

  5. Subsoil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsoil

    Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. Like topsoil, it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such as sand, silt and clay, but with a much lower percentage of organic matter and humus. The subsoil is labeled the B Horizon in most soil mapping systems.

  6. Texas Blackland Prairies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Blackland_Prairies

    The soil of the Blackland Prairies, from which the "blackland" gets its name, contains black or dark-gray, alkaline clay in both upland and bottomland areas. [4] Some western areas have shallow soils over chalk, while some soils in eastern areas are slightly acidic to neutral, grayish clays and loams over mottled clay subsoils (occasionally ...

  7. Soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

    The soil texture is determined by the relative proportions of the individual particles of sand, silt, and clay that make up the soil. A soil texture triangle plot is a visual representation of the proportions of sand, silt, and clay in a soil sample.

  8. Vernal pool - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernal_pool

    The soil types present tend to relate to the local soil types and hydrology of the pool. Finer soils such as clay, silt, and muck are more common in perched situations, whereas pools which are more connected to the water table have more coarse soils like sand or gravel.

  9. Structures built by animals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structures_built_by_animals

    Flowering plants provide a variety of resources – twigs, leaves, petioles, roots, flowers and seeds. Basal plants, such as lichens, mosses and ferns also find use in structures built by animals. The leaves of grasses and palms being elongate and parallel-veined are very commonly used for building.