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Many circuits can be analyzed as a combination of series and parallel circuits, along with other configurations. In a series circuit, the current that flows through each of the components is the same, and the voltage across the circuit is the sum of the individual voltage drops across each component. [ 1 ]
A network with two components or branches has only two possible topologies: series and parallel. Figure 1.2. Series and parallel topologies with two branches. Even for these simplest of topologies, the circuit can be presented in varying ways. Figure 1.3. All these topologies are identical. Series topology is a general name.
A speaker L pad is a special configuration of rheostats used to control volume while maintaining a constant load impedance on the output of the audio amplifier. [1] It consists of a parallel and a series rheostat connected in an "L" configuration.
This can be calculated from the Z L of the loudspeaker (typically 2, 4, or 8 ohms) and the given value of the damping factor. Generally in audio and hifi , the input impedance of components is several times (technically, more than 10) the output impedance of the device connected to them.
Constant-voltage speaker systems are also commonly referred to as 25-, 70-, 70.7-, 100 or 210-volt speaker systems; distributed speaker systems; or high-impedance speaker systems. In Canada and the US, they are most commonly referred to as 70-volt speakers. In Europe, the 100 V system is the most widespread, with amplifier and speaker products ...
Norton's theorem and its dual, Thévenin's theorem, are widely used for circuit analysis simplification and to study circuit's initial-condition and steady-state response. Norton's theorem was independently derived in 1926 by Siemens & Halske researcher Hans Ferdinand Mayer (1895–1980) and Bell Labs engineer Edward Lawry Norton (1898–1983).
[4] [5] The maximal series–parallel graphs, graphs to which no additional edges can be added without destroying their series–parallel structure, are exactly the 2-trees. 2-connected series–parallel graphs are characterised by having no subgraph homeomorphic to K 4. [3] Series parallel graphs may also be characterized by their ear ...
Series and parallel are, in fact, the 2-terminal versions of star and polygon topology. A common simple topology that cannot be solved by series and parallel combinations is the input impedance to a bridge network (except in the special case when the bridge is in balance). [ 9 ]