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A laptop computer or notebook computer, also known as a laptop or notebook, is a small, portable personal computer (PC). Laptops typically have a clamshell form factor with a flat-panel screen on the inside of the upper lid and an alphanumeric keyboard and pointing device on the inside of the lower lid.
The Epson HX-20 from 1982 was the first portable computer to be called a "notebook".. The terms laptop and notebook both trace their origins to the early 1980s, coined to describe portable computers in a size class smaller than the contemporary mainstream units (so-called "luggables") but larger than pocket computers.
Some models of laptop computers have a detachable keyboard, which allows the system to be configured as a touch-screen tablet. They are sometimes called 2-in-1 detachable laptops or tablet-laptop hybrids. [39] Mobile phones are designed to have an extended battery life and light weight, while having less functionality than larger computers.
An ultra-mobile PC, [1] or ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), is a miniature version of a pen computer, a class of laptop whose specifications were launched by Microsoft and Intel in Spring 2006. Sony had already made a first attempt in this direction in 2004 with its Vaio U series , which was only sold in Asia.
A netbook is a small-sized laptop computer; they were primarily sold from 2007 until around 2013, designed mostly as a means of accessing the Internet and being significantly less expensive than regular-sized laptops. An Acer Aspire One netbook sitting on a standard sized Toshiba Satellite laptop, demonstrating the size difference
Chromebook in laptop form factor. Chromebook tablet, introduced in March 2018 by Acer, the Chromebook Tab 10. The device was to compete with the lower-priced Apple iPad tablet in the education market. [47] [48] Chromebox, an ultra small form-factor desktop PC first introduced by Samsung in May 2012. [49]
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The integrated circuit is an essential invention to produce modern software systems. [2]The first use of the word software to describe computer programs is credited to mathematician John Wilder Tukey in 1958. [3]