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The concept of space as a positive entity is opposed to the absence of such a principle in a correlated "Japanese" notion of space. Though commonly used to refer to literal, visible negative space, ma may also refer to the perception of a space, gap or interval, without necessarily requiring a physical compositional element.
In page layout, illustration and sculpture, white space is often referred to as negative space. It is the portion of a page left unmarked: margins , gutters , and space between columns, lines of type, graphics, figures, or objects drawn or depicted, and is not necessarily actually white if the background is of a different colour.
In ambigrams, the typographic space of the background is used as negative space to form new letters and new words. For example, inside a capital H, one can easily insert a lowercase i. The oil painting You & Me (US) by John Langdon (1996) belongs to this category. The word "me" fills the space between the letters of "you". [46]
Figure–ground perception can be expanded from visual perception to include non-visual concepts such as melody/harmony, subject/background and positive/negative space. [citation needed] The concept of figure and ground fully depends on the observer and not on the item itself. [24]
Τypographic ornament in ancient city of Kamiros in Rhodes island, Greece. Flower decorations are among the oldest typographic ornaments. A fleuron can also be used to fill the white space that results from the indentation of the first line of a paragraph, [4] on a line by itself to divide paragraphs in a highly stylized way, to divide lists, or for pure ornamentation. [5]
Some calligraphers and hand-letterers say that calligraphy created with brush pens becomes lettering or faux-calligraphy, [15] but others believe that the approach used to create the letters is more important than the tools used to do so. [1] [16] Typography is the use of type in a repeating system, where each instance of the same letter looks ...
The use of negative space is a key element of artistic composition. The Japanese word "ma" is sometimes used for this concept, for example in garden design. [2] [3] [4] In a composition, the positive space has the more visual weight while the surrounding space - that is less visually important is seen as the negative space.
Modern Western calligraphy ranges from functional inscriptions and designs to fine-art pieces where the letters may or may not be readable. [1] [page needed] Classical calligraphy differs from type design and non-classical hand-lettering, though a calligrapher may practice both. [2] [3] [4] [5]