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Phase margin and gain margin are two measures of stability for a feedback control system. They indicate how much the gain or the phase of the system can vary before it becomes unstable. Phase margin is the difference (expressed as a positive number) between 180° and the phase shift where the magnitude of the loop transfer function is 0 dB.
Figures 8 and 9 illustrate the gain margin and phase margin for a different amount of feedback β. The feedback factor is chosen smaller than in Figure 6 or 7, moving the condition | β A OL | = 1 to lower frequency. In this example, 1 / β = 77 dB, and at low frequencies A FB ≈ 77 dB as well. Figure 8 shows the gain plot.
Tools include the root locus, the Nyquist stability criterion, the Bode plot, the gain margin and phase margin. More advanced tools include Bode integrals to assess performance limitations and trade-offs, and describing functions to analyze nonlinearities in the frequency domain.
LQR controllers possess inherent robustness with guaranteed gain and phase margin, [1] and they also are part of the solution to the LQG (linear–quadratic–Gaussian) problem. Like the LQR problem itself, the LQG problem is one of the most fundamental problems in control theory. [2]
Phase margin and gain margin; Nyquist plot; In telecommunications, the term "loop gain" can refer to the total usable power gain of a carrier terminal or two-wire repeater. The maximum usable gain is determined by, and may not exceed, the losses in the closed path. Summary of negative feedback amplifier terms
Price skimming. Price skimming is a price setting strategy that a firm can employ when launching a product or service for the first time. [1] By following this price skimming method and capturing the extra profit a firm is able to recoup its sunk costs quicker as well as profit off of a higher price in the market before new competition enters and lowers the market price. [1]
When someone says "Black Friday," you may think of holiday shopping chaos. But how did the day get its name? Here's the true story.
Marketing strategy refers to efforts undertaken by an organization to increase its sales and achieve competitive advantage. [1] In other words, it is the method of advertising a company's products to the public through an established plan through the meticulous planning and organization of ideas, data, and information.