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Predeterminism is the view that all events of history are already decided or known by some force, such as God, fate, or heredity. It is related to determinism, but also has theological and biological implications. Learn about the definitional difficulties, examples, and criticisms of predeterminism.
Closed list is a type of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for parties, not individual candidates. Learn how closed lists work, which countries use them, and how they differ from open lists.
The Second Vatican Council was the 21st and most recent ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, called by Pope John XXIII in 1962 to update and renew the Church. The council produced sixteen documents on various topics, such as the Church, the liturgy, the Bible, ecumenism, and the modern world.
Predestination is the theological view that God has determined the outcome of all events, especially the salvation or damnation of individuals. Learn about the history, biblical interpretations, and controversies of predestination in Christianity and other religions.
A biblical canon is a set of texts that a religious community regards as part of the Bible. Learn about the origins, development and differences of the Jewish, Christian and Samaritan canons, and the books and passages they include or exclude.
A partial list of Latin terms used in legal terminology and legal maxims, with literal translations and definitions. The term for "guilty mind" is actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea, meaning "no act is punishable that is not the result of a guilty mind".
Sense of agency is the subjective awareness of initiating, executing, and controlling one's own actions in the world. It is related to self-awareness, cognitive development, social cognition, and psychopathology. Learn about the concept, its distinction from sense of ownership, and its neural correlates.
Learn about the history, objectives, characteristics and decision rules of consensus decision-making, a group process that aims to achieve broad agreement. Consensus is not the same as unanimity, but requires collaboration, cooperation, egalitarianism and inclusion.