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Ureteroscopy is an examination of the upper urinary tract, usually performed with a ureteroscope that is passed through the urethra and the bladder, and then directly into the ureter. [1] The procedure is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders such as kidney stones and urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. [ 1 ]
Ureteral stent Ureteral stent (detail). A ureteral stent (pronounced you-REE-ter-ul), or ureteric stent, is a thin tube inserted into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of the urine flow from the kidney.
Laser lithotripsy (LL) has been evaluated against Extracorporeal Shock Wave lithotripsy (ESWL), finding both to be safe and effective. [3] [4] ESWL may be safer for small stones (<10 mm), but less effective for 10–20 mm stones. [3] A 2013 meta-analysis found LL can treat larger stones (> 2 cm) with good stone-free and complication rates. [5]
It is safe in pregnancy. [1] Risks specific to the scan involve: Discomfort from the abdominal probe [1] Distress related to results that are reported; Financial risks related to the scan, especially if it produces an indeterminate result; Risks entailed with treatment or further investigations required following the results.
After the cancer is staged, treatment may involve open surgery to remove the affected ureter and kidney if it is involved; or, if the lesion is small, it may be removed via ureteroscopy. [18] Prognosis can vary markedly depending on the tumour grade, with a worse prognosis associated with an ulcerating lesion. [18]
"It is completely safe to drink milk that's been frozen," registered dietitian and recipe writer Micah Siva says. There's one caveat, though: "The taste and texture may be altered slightly."
An intravenous pyelogram is used to look for problems relating to the urinary tract. [5] These may include blockages or narrowing, such as due to kidney stones, cancer (such as renal cell carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma), enlarged prostate glands, and anatomical variations, [5] such as a medullary sponge kidney. [6]
Jennaleah “Jenna” Hin, 17, of Henderson, Nevada, was reported missing since Dec. 30 after she reportedly left home following a family dispute