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Stephen Krashen received a Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1972. [2] Krashen has among papers (peer-reviewed and not) and books, more than 486 publications, contributing to the fields of second-language acquisition, bilingual education, and reading. [3]
The input hypothesis, also known as the monitor model, is a group of five hypotheses of second-language acquisition developed by the linguist Stephen Krashen in the 1970s and 1980s. Krashen originally formulated the input hypothesis as just one of the five hypotheses, but over time the term has come to refer to the five hypotheses as a group.
By the 1980s, the theories of Stephen Krashen had become the prominent paradigm in SLA. In his theories, often collectively known as the Input Hypothesis, Krashen suggested that language acquisition is driven solely by comprehensible input, language input that learners can understand. Krashen's model was influential in the field of SLA and also ...
The natural approach is a method of language teaching developed by Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Natural Approach has been used in ESL classes as well as foreign language classes for people of all ages and in various educational settings, from primary schools to universities. [1]
Stephen Krashen argues that the basic problem with all output hypotheses is that output is rare, and comprehensible output is even rarer. Even when the language acquirer does speak, they rarely make the types of adjustments that the CO hypothesis claims are useful and necessary to acquire new forms. [ 4 ]
Stephen Krashen makes a distinction between language acquisition and language learning (the acquisition–learning distinction), [62] claiming that acquisition is a subconscious process, whereas learning is a conscious one. According to this hypothesis, the acquisition process for L2 (Language 2) is the same as for L1 (Language 1) acquisition.
Stephen Krashen's work contradicts the critical period hypothesis. Krashen claims that adult learners have advantages over children in some aspects of second language acquisition. [31] His research indicates that adults are able to pick up grammar rules, including word order and word parts, at a quicker rate than children.
GrapeSEED is a research-based oral language acquisition and critical listening program [1] for teachers that allows students to obtain the English language naturally. [2] This natural approach, developed by Stephen Krashen, a linguist and researcher in the fields of second-language acquisition and bilingual education, and Tracy D. Terrell, an education theorist, is intended to give language ...