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Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 S. It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is toxic, corrosive, and flammable, with trace amounts in ambient atmosphere having a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. [11]
[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
The connection of atoms in the hydrogen disulfide molecule is H−S−S−H. The structure of hydrogen disulfide is similar to that of hydrogen peroxide, with C 2 point group symmetry. Both molecules are distinctly nonplanar. The dihedral angle between the H a −S−S and S−S−H b planes is 90.6°, compared with 111.5° in H 2 O 2.
Covalent silicides and silicon compounds occur with hydrogen and the elements in groups 10 to 17. Transition metals form metallic silicides, with the exceptions of silver, gold and the group 12 elements. The general composition is M n Si or MSi n with n ranging from 1 to 6 and M standing for metal.
The linear form of N 3 was discovered in 1956 by B. A. Thrush [4] by photolysis of hydrogen azide. [5] As a linear and symmetric molecule, it has D ∞h symmetry, with a nitrogen–nitrogen bond length averaging 1.8115 Å. The first excited electronic state, A 2 Σ u, is 4.56 eV above the ground state. [1]
The sulfide ion does not exist in aqueous alkaline solutions of Na 2 S. [3] [4] Instead sulfide converts to hydrosulfide: S 2− + H 2 O → SH − + OH −. Upon treatment with an acid, sulfide salts convert to hydrogen sulfide: S 2− + H + → SH − SH − + H + → H 2 S. Oxidation of sulfide is a complicated process.
Molecular orbital diagram of HF. Hydrogen fluoride is another example of a heteronuclear molecule. It is slightly different in that the π orbital is non-bonding, as well as the 2s σ. From the hydrogen, its valence 1s electron interacts with the 2p electrons of fluorine. This molecule is diamagnetic and has a bond order of one.
At physiological pH, hydrogen sulfide is usually fully ionized to bisulfide (HS −). Therefore, in biochemical settings, "hydrogen sulfide" is often used to mean, bisulfide. Hydrosulfide has been identified as the third gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. [5]