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Allergic rhinitis may be seasonal, perennial, or episodic. [9] Seasonal allergic rhinitis occurs in particular during pollen seasons. It does not usually develop until after 6 years of age. Perennial allergic rhinitis occurs throughout the year. This type of allergic rhinitis is commonly seen in younger children. [43]
Rhinitis is very common. Allergic rhinitis is more common in some countries than others; in the United States, about 10–30% of adults are affected annually. [12] Mixed rhinitis (MR) refers to patients with nonallergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. MR is a specific rhinitis subtype. It may represent between 50 and 70% of all AR patients.
Allergic inflammation is an important pathophysiological feature of several disabilities or medical conditions including allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and several ocular allergic diseases. Allergic reactions may generally be divided into two components; the early phase reaction, and the late phase reaction.
Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) is a condition in which there are symptoms of rhinitis, including rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction, but with negative skin and serum allergy testing results. [7] It can be further categorized into: [citation needed] Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia (NARES) Hormonal rhinitis (such as during pregnancy)
In the developed world, about 20% of people are affected by allergic rhinitis, [15] food allergy affects 10% of adults and 8% of children, [16] and about 20% have or have had atopic dermatitis at some point in time. [17] Depending on the country, about 1–18% of people have asthma. [18] [19] Anaphylaxis occurs in between 0.05–2% of people. [20]
Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies (such as insect bites) and asthma. [1] [2] Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergens in an attempt to change the immune system's response.
Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms that may include production of thick nasal mucus, nasal congestion, facial congestion, facial pain, facial pressure, loss of smell, or fever.
Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis, common cold, influenza, and other allergies. [1] Typically, people take antihistamines as an inexpensive, generic (not patented) drug that can be bought without a prescription and provides relief from nasal congestion, sneezing, or hives caused by pollen, dust mites, or animal allergy with few side effects. [1]