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In later-no-harm systems, increasing the rating or rank of a candidate ranked below the winner of an election cannot cause a higher-ranked candidate to lose. It is a common property in the plurality-rule family of voting systems. For example, say a group of voters ranks Alice 2nd and Bob 6th, and Alice wins the election.
An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined.. Some electoral systems elect a single winner (single candidate or option), while others elect multiple winners, such as members of parliament or boards of directors.
The mutual majority criterion is a generalized form of the criterion meant to account for when the majority prefers multiple candidates above all others; voting methods which pass majority but fail mutual majority can encourage all but one of the majority's preferred candidates to drop out in order to ensure one of the majority-preferred ...
Rules susceptible to the multiple-districts paradox include all majority-rule methods [2] and instant-runoff (or ranked-choice) voting. Rules that are not susceptible to it include all positional voting rules (such as first-preference plurality and the Borda count) as well as score voting and approval voting.
Neutral voting models try to minimize the number of parameters and, as an example of the nothing-up-my-sleeve principle. The most common such model is the impartial anonymous culture model (or Dirichlet model). These models assume voters assign each candidate a utility completely at random (from a uniform distribution).
Let L be a subset of candidates. A solid coalition in support of L is a group of voters who strictly prefer all members of L to all candidates outside of L. In other words, each member of the solid coalition ranks their least-favorite member of L higher than their favorite member outside L. Note that the members of the solid coalition may rank the members of L differently.
An example of a ballot paper. In each round of an exhaustive ballot the voter simply marks an 'x' beside his or her favourite candidate. If no candidate has an absolute majority of votes (i.e., more than half) in the first round, then the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated while all other candidates advance to a second round.
Dodgson's method is an electoral system based on a proposal by mathematician Charles Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll.The method searches for a majority-preferred winner; if no such winner is found, the method proceeds by finding the candidate who could be transformed into a Condorcet winner with the smallest number of ballot edits possible, where a ballot edit switches two neighboring ...