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2. Ultisol - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultisol

   Ultisol. Ultisol, commonly known as red clay soil, is one of twelve soil orders in the United States Department of Agriculture soil taxonomy. The word "Ultisol" is derived from "ultimate", because Ultisols were seen as the ultimate product of continuous weathering of minerals in a humid, temperate climate without new soil formation via glaciation.

3. Geology of Massachusetts - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Massachusetts

   Geology of Massachusetts. A geological map of the state, showing the north–south trend of the bedrock strata. The geology of Massachusetts includes numerous units of volcanic, intrusive igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks formed within the last 1.2 billion years. The oldest formations are gneiss rocks in the Berkshires, which were ...

4. List of U.S. state soils - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils

   A state soil is a soil that has special significance to a particular state. Each state in the United States has selected a state soil, twenty of which have been legislatively established. These official state soils share the same level of distinction as official state flowers and birds. Also, representative soils have been selected for Puerto ...

5. Clay - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay

   A Quaternary clay deposit in Estonia, laid down about 400,000 years ago. Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals [ 1 ] (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impurities ...

6. Paxton (soil) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_(soil)

   Paxton soils are in the Inceptisol soil order of soil taxonomy. The term "coarse-loamy" indicates that the soil has less than 18% clay and at least 15% or more particles that are fine sand or coarser. The term "mixed" indicates no single mineral is over 40 percent. The term "active" represents a ratio of the cation-exchange capacity to clay of ...

7. Chernozem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernozem

   Chernozem (/ ˈtʃɜːrnəzɛm / CHUR-nə-zem), [a] also called black soil, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus [3] (4% to 16%) and high percentages of phosphorus and ammonia compounds. [4] Chernozem is very fertile soil and can produce high agricultural yields with its high moisture ...