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Social predictors of depression are aspects of one's social environment that are related to an individual developing major depression.These risk factors include negative social life events, conflict, and low levels of social support, all of which have been found affect the likelihood of someone experiencing major depression, the length of the depression, or the severity of the symptoms.
Stress can be conceptualized as a life event that disrupts the equilibrium of a person's life. [3] [15] For instance, a person may be vulnerable to becoming depressed but will not develop depression unless he or she is exposed to a specific stress, which may trigger a depressive disorder. [16]
Stress can cause depression and depression-like symptoms through monoaminergic changes in several key brain regions as well as suppression in hippocampal neurogenesis. [118] This leads to alteration in emotion and cognition related brain regions as well as HPA axis dysfunction.
The idea that individuals vary in their sensitivity to their environment was historically framed in diathesis-stress [4] or dual-risk terms. [5] These theories suggested that some "vulnerable" individuals, due to their biological, temperamental and/or physiological characteristics (i.e., "diathesis" or "risk 1"), are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of negative experiences (i.e., "stress ...
Also, people who do not believe that stress will affect their health do not have an increased risk of illness, disease, or death. [73] This suggests that there are individual differences in vulnerability to the potential pathogenic effects of stress; individual differences in vulnerability arise due to both genetic and psychological factors.
[7] [65] Due to this sensitivity and NLPR3's role in triggering cytokine release, NLPR3 is thought to be a key component in sterile inflammatory responses, [7] something which has led to the suggestion that it is a likely mechanism linking non-pathogen induced stress to the increased inflammation that is common in depression and other forms of ...
Diagram of the downward spiral in the dual process model of depression. Through several cognitive biases, selective mood-congruent cues become established over long intervals. Emotional stimuli matching the emotional concerns create an aggregate effect on symptoms related to depression. Depression is associated with selective orientation.
An estimated 4.4 percent of the global population has depression, according to a report released by the UN World Health Organization (WHO), which shows an 18 percent increase in the number of people living with depression between 2005 and 2015. [66] [67] [68] Depression is a major mental-health cause of disease burden.