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Carbon dioxide molecule.. pCO 2, pCO 2, or is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO 2), often used in reference to blood but also used in meteorology, climate science, oceanography, and limnology to describe the fractional pressure of CO 2 as a function of its concentration in gas or dissolved phases.
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide, along with the pH, can be used to differentiate between metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis. Hypoventilation exists when the ratio of carbon dioxide production to alveolar ventilation increases above normal values – greater than 45mmHg.
The atmospheric pressure is roughly equal to the sum of partial pressures of constituent gases – oxygen, nitrogen, argon, water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc.. In a mixture of gases, each constituent gas has a partial pressure which is the notional pressure of that constituent gas as if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. [1]
An everyday example is carbonated soft drinks, which contain dissolved carbon dioxide. Before opening, the gas above the drink in its container is almost pure carbon dioxide, at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. After the bottle is opened, this gas escapes, moving the partial pressure of carbon dioxide above the liquid to be much ...
Carbon dioxide is a by-product of food metabolism and in high amounts has toxic effects including: dyspnea, acidosis and altered consciousness. [8] Arterial blood carbon dioxide tension. P a CO 2 – Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level in arterial blood is between 35 and 45 mmHg (4.7 and 6.0 kPa). [9] Venous blood carbon dioxide tension
The carbon dioxide content of the blood is often given as the partial pressure, which is the pressure which carbon dioxide would have had if it alone occupied the volume. [73] In humans, the blood carbon dioxide contents are shown in the adjacent table.
is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood, and P e CO 2 {\displaystyle P_{e\,{\ce {CO2}}}} is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the average expired (exhaled) air. Derivation
In a mixture of gases, the fugacity of each component i has a similar definition, with partial molar quantities instead of molar quantities (e.g., G i instead of G m and V i instead of V m): [2]: 262 = and =, where P i is the partial pressure of component i. The partial pressures obey Dalton's law: =, where P is the total pressure and y i ...