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The most important characteristics of carbon as a basis for the chemistry of cellular life are that each carbon atom is capable of forming up to four valence bonds with other atoms simultaneously, and that the energy required to make or break a bond with a carbon atom is at an appropriate level for building large and complex molecules which may ...
The widespread prevalence of these repair processes indicates the importance of maintaining cellular DNA in an undamaged state in order to avoid cell death or errors of replication due to damage that could lead to mutation. E. coli bacteria are a well-studied example of a cellular organism with diverse well-defined DNA repair processes.
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. [1] [2] All living organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and functioning of organisms. [3] Cell biology is the study of the structural and functional ...
Cell theory has traditionally been accepted as the governing theory of all life, [1] but some biologists consider non-cellular entities such as viruses living organisms [2] and thus disagree with the universal application of cell theory to all forms of life.
Ubiquitous, essential for all forms of life; all nucleic acids contain substantial amounts of phosphorus; it is also essential to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basis for all cellular energy transfer; and it performs many other essential roles in different organisms. [11] Toxic in some forms; pure phosphorus is poisonous to humans. [11 ...
In any case, the problem lay buried in the catch-all rubric "origin of life"--where, because it is a biological not a (bio)chemical problem, it was effectively ignored. Scientific interest in cellular evolution started to pick up once the universal phylogenetic tree, the framework within which the problem had to be addressed, was determined.
Examining the human brain at the cellular level in more detail than ever before, scientists have identified an enormous array of cell types - more than 3,300 - populating our most complex organ ...
Definition of cellular life according to Budisa, Kubyshkin and Schmidt Budisa , Kubyshkin and Schmidt defined cellular life as an organizational unit resting on four pillars/cornerstones: (i) energy , (ii) metabolism , (iii) information and (iv) form .