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In calculus, the squeeze theorem (also known as the sandwich theorem, among other names [a]) is a theorem regarding the limit of a function that is bounded between two other functions. The squeeze theorem is used in calculus and mathematical analysis , typically to confirm the limit of a function via comparison with two other functions whose ...
The sine and tangent small-angle approximations are used in relation to the double-slit experiment or a diffraction grating to develop simplified equations like the following, where y is the distance of a fringe from the center of maximum light intensity, m is the order of the fringe, D is the distance between the slits and projection screen ...
This is known as the squeeze theorem. [1] [2] This applies even in the cases that f(x) ... These limits both follow from the continuity of sin and cos.
In either case, the value at x = 0 is defined to be the limiting value := = for all real a ≠ 0 (the limit can be proven using the squeeze theorem). The normalization causes the definite integral of the function over the real numbers to equal 1 (whereas the same integral of the unnormalized sinc function has a value of π ).
This fact is often called the algebraic limit theorem. The main condition needed to apply the following rules is that the limits on the right-hand sides of the equations exist (in other words, these limits are finite values including 0).
By the squeeze theorem, ... the Wallis product is, in retrospect, an easy corollary of the later Euler infinite product for the sine function. ...
When those side-lengths are expressed in terms of the sin and cos values shown in the figure above, this yields the angle sum trigonometric identity for sine: sin(α + β) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β. Ptolemy's theorem is important in the history of trigonometric identities, as it is how results equivalent to the sum and difference formulas ...
Since cot x < 1 / x for small positive values of x, it follows from the squeeze theorem that y(x) 2 cot x converges to zero as x converges to zero. In exactly the same way, it can be proved that y(x) 2 cot x converges to zero as x converges to π.