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In mathematics, and especially in category theory, a commutative diagram is a diagram of objects, also known as vertices, and morphisms, also known as arrows or edges, such that when selecting two objects any directed path through the diagram leads to the same result by composition.
In mathematical analysis, the staircase paradox is a pathological example showing that limits of curves do not necessarily preserve their length. [1] It consists of a sequence of "staircase" polygonal chains in a unit square , formed from horizontal and vertical line segments of decreasing length, so that these staircases converge uniformly to ...
The act separated the board into three parts: agriculture, commerce, and labor. [2] Along with a U.S. Commissioner of Education, each part had a secretary and civilian representative. [2] With these components, the board would oversee and fund vocational education across the states.
In mathematics, the moving sofa problem or sofa problem is a two-dimensional idealization of real-life furniture-moving problems and asks for the rigid two-dimensional shape of the largest area that can be maneuvered through an L-shaped planar region with legs of unit width. [1] The area thus obtained is referred to as the sofa constant.
This remains largely true today, with Geometry as a proof-based high-school math class. On the other hand, many countries around the world from Israel to Italy teach mathematics according to what Americans call an integrated curriculum, familiarizing students with various aspects of calculus and prerequisites throughout secondary school.
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pushout (also called a fibered coproduct or fibered sum or cocartesian square or amalgamated sum) is the colimit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms f : Z → X and g : Z → Y with a common domain.
In the mathematical field of model theory, the elementary diagram of a structure is the set of all sentences with parameters from the structure that are true in the structure. It is also called the complete diagram .
In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, the diagram of a structure is a simple but powerful concept for proving useful properties of a theory, for example the amalgamation property and the joint embedding property, among others.