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In physical geography, a fjord (also spelled fiord in New Zealand English; / ˈ f j ɔːr d, f iː ˈ ɔːr d / ⓘ [1]) is a long, narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. [2] Fjords exist on the coasts of Antarctica, the Arctic, and surrounding landmasses of the northern and southern hemispheres. [3]
The Hudson River fjord in New York is recognized as the only true Fjord in the eastern coast of the United States [1] [2] Somes Sound, a fjard located within Acadia National Park, is often mistaken for being another fjord located along the eastern coast of the United States. [3] [4]
Although fjards and fjords are similar in that they are a glacially-formed topography, they still differ in some key ways: Fjords are characterized by steep high relief cliffs carved by glacial activity and often have split or branching channels. Fjards are glacial depressions or valleys that have much lower reliefs than fjords.
This list of Norwegian fjords shows many of the fjords in Norway. In total, there are about 1,190 fjords in Norway and the Svalbard islands. The sortable list ...
Fjords are particularly common on the coast of Norway. [6] [7] [8] Firths are similar to fjords, but are generally shallower with broader bays in which small islands may be found. [9] The glaciers that formed them influenced the land over a wider area and scraped away larger areas. [10] Firths are to be found on the Scottish coast. [11]
The fjord reaches a maximum depth of 1,308 metres (4,291 ft) below sea level, and the greatest depths are found in the central parts of the fjord near Høyanger. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Sognefjord is more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) deep for about 100 kilometres (60 mi) of its length, from Rutledal to Hermansverk .
The North Coast of British Columbia is deeply incised by numerous fjords. Fjords in Canada are long, narrow inlets characterized by steep sides, created in a valley carved by glacial activity. A fjord can have two or more basins separated by sills. The bowls can have a depth of 20 to 500 m (66 to 1,640 ft) and the dividing sills can raise up to ...
The origin of the name Hvalfjörður is uncertain. Certainly today there is no presence of whales in the fjord; while there is a whaling station in the fjord, whaling is conducted in the open ocean outside the fjord; likewise, it is modern and postdates the naming of the fjord.