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The tensor veli palatini muscle receives motor innervation from the mandibular nerve (CN V 3) (a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)) [2] via the nerve to medial pterygoid. [ 1 ] It is the only muscle of the palate not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus, which is formed by the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves.
The tensor tympani is a muscle within the middle ear, located in the bony canal above the bony part of the auditory tube, and connects to the malleus bone. Its role is to dampen loud sounds, such as those produced from chewing , shouting, or thunder .
The trigeminal motor nucleus contains motor neurons that innervate muscles of the first branchial arch, namely the muscles of mastication, the tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric. [1] It is situated in the upper pons, inferior to the lateral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle. [2]
The levator veli palatini (/ l ɪ ˈ v eɪ t ər ˈ v iː l aɪ ˌ p æ l ə ˈ t aɪ n aɪ /) is a muscle of the soft palate and pharynx.It is innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) via its pharyngeal plexus.
The medial pterygoid nerve supplies the medial pterygoid muscle, tensor tympani muscle, and tensor veli palatini muscle (via the nerve to tensor veli palatini). [1] The tensor veli palati muscle is the only of the five paired skeletal muscles to the soft palate not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus. [citation needed]
The nerve to tensor veli palatini is a small nerve which is unique in that it is the only branch of the mandibular nerve providing motor innervation to the palate.
They are vasomotor in function. The sensory root comes from the auriculotemporal nerve and is sensory to the parotid gland . The motor fibers supplying the medial pterygoid and the tensor veli palatini and the tensor tympani pass through the ganglion without relay.
The sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is to provide tactile, proprioceptive, and nociceptive afference to the face and mouth. Its motor function activates the muscles of mastication, the tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric.