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The indefinite special orthogonal group, SO(p, q) is the subgroup of O(p, q) consisting of all elements with determinant 1. Unlike in the definite case, SO( p , q ) is not connected – it has 2 components – and there are two additional finite index subgroups, namely the connected SO + ( p , q ) and O + ( p , q ) , which has 2 components ...
The orthogonal group is an algebraic group and a Lie group. It is compact. The orthogonal group in dimension n has two connected components. The one that contains the identity element is a normal subgroup, called the special orthogonal group, and denoted SO(n). It consists of all orthogonal matrices of determinant 1.
The orthogonal group of a non-singular quadratic form Q is the group of the linear automorphisms of V that preserve Q: that is, the group of isometries of (V, Q) into itself. If a quadratic space ( A , Q ) has a product so that A is an algebra over a field , and satisfies ∀ x , y ∈ A Q ( x y ) = Q ( x ) Q ( y ) , {\displaystyle \forall x,y ...
P-compact group; Pansu derivative; Pauli matrices; Pin group; Ping-pong lemma; Poincaré group; Poisson–Lie group; Polar decomposition; Pre-Lie algebra; Principal homogeneous space; Principal orbit type theorem; Projective linear group; Projective orthogonal group; Projective semilinear group; Projective unitary group; Pseudogroup
The concept of the Lorentz group has a natural generalization to spacetime of any number of dimensions. Mathematically, the Lorentz group of (n + 1)-dimensional Minkowski space is the indefinite orthogonal group O(n, 1) of linear transformations of R n+1 that preserves the quadratic form
Since the orthogonal group is a subgroup of the general linear group, representations of () can be decomposed into representations of (). The decomposition of a tensor representation is given in terms of Littlewood-Richardson coefficients c λ , μ ν {\displaystyle c_{\lambda ,\mu }^{\nu }} by the Littlewood restriction rule [ 12 ]
The general unitary group, also called the group of unitary similitudes, consists of all matrices A such that A ∗ A is a nonzero multiple of the identity matrix, and is just the product of the unitary group with the group of all positive multiples of the identity matrix. Unitary groups may also be defined over fields other than the complex ...
The upper and lower indices are frequently not distinguished, unless the algebra is endowed with some other structure that would require this (for example, a pseudo-Riemannian metric, on the algebra of the indefinite orthogonal group so(p,q)). That is, structure constants are often written with all-upper, or all-lower indexes.