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Richard Christopher Carrington (26 May 1826 – 27 November 1875) [2] was an English amateur astronomer whose 1859 astronomical observations demonstrated the existence of solar flares as well as suggesting their electrical influence upon the Earth and its aurorae; and whose 1863 records of sunspot observations revealed the differential rotation of the Sun.
The "Carrington longitude" of the same feature refers to an arbitrary fixed reference point of an imagined rigid rotation, as defined originally by Richard Christopher Carrington. Carrington determined the solar rotation rate from low latitude sunspots in the 1850s and arrived at 25.38 days for the sidereal rotation period.
The Carrington Event was the most intense geomagnetic storm in recorded history, peaking on 1–2 September 1859 during solar cycle 10. It created strong auroral displays that were reported globally and caused sparking and even fires in telegraph stations. [ 1 ]
It was discovered by the English astronomer Richard Christopher Carrington around 1861. [2] Carrington's work was refined by the German astronomer Gustav Spörer . At the start of a solar cycle, active regions tend to appear around 30° to 45° latitude on the Sun 's surface.
The Carrington heliographic coordinate system, established by Richard C. Carrington in 1863, rotates with the Sun at a fixed rate based on the observed rotation of low-latitude sunspots. It rotates with a sidereal period of exactly 25.38 days, which corresponds to a mean synodic period of 27.2753 days.
As skies darkened Monday over North America during a rare solar eclipse, many people noticed bright dots — flickering spots that were reddish, pink and orange in hue — along the periphery of ...
Drawing of the Great Sunspot of 1865. Solar cycle 10 was the tenth solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. [1] [2] The solar cycle lasted 11.3 years, beginning in December 1855 and ending in March 1867.
On 1 September 1859, Richard C. Carrington and separately R. Hodgson first observed a solar flare. [52] Carrington and Gustav Spörer discovered that the Sun exhibits differential rotation, and that the outer layer must be fluid. [52] In 1907–08, George Ellery Hale uncovered the Sun's magnetic cycle and the magnetic nature of sunspots. Hale ...