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[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
In 2009, the worldwide capacity for producing formic acid was 720 thousand tonnes (1.6 billion pounds) per year, roughly equally divided between Europe (350 thousand tonnes or 770 million pounds, mainly in Germany) and Asia (370 thousand tonnes or 820 million pounds, mainly in China) while production was below 1 thousand tonnes or 2.2 million ...
This page was last edited on 29 September 2022, at 20:23 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
The LDQ structure of the ground state of O 2 does not involve any electron pairs, in contrast with the Lewis structure of the molecule. Instead, the electrons are arranged as shown below. The LDQ structure of molecular oxygen in the ground state (3 Σ g − state). The oxygen nuclei are coloured red while the electrons are coloured either ...
For example, NH 3 is a Lewis base, because it can donate its lone pair of electrons. Trimethylborane [(CH 3) 3 B] is a Lewis acid as it is capable of accepting a lone pair. In a Lewis adduct, the Lewis acid and base share an electron pair furnished by the Lewis base, forming a dative bond. [1]
In the context of NBO, the true density operator Γ represents the NBOs of an idealized natural Lewis structure. [1] [3] Once NRT has generated a set of density operators, Γ α, for localized resonance structures, α, a least-squares variational functional is employed to quantify the resonance weights of each structure. [1]
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In the laboratory, methyl formate can be produced by the condensation reaction of methanol and formic acid, as follows: . HCOOH + CH 3 OH → HCOOCH 3 + H 2 O. Industrial methyl formate, however, is usually produced by the combination of methanol and carbon monoxide (carbonylation) in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide: [4]