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Phenylacetylene is a prototypical terminal acetylene, undergoing many reactions expected of that functional group. It undergoes semi hydrogenation over Lindlar catalyst to give styrene . In the presence of base and copper(II) salts, it undergoes oxidative coupling to give diphenylbutadiyne . [ 6 ]
The Sonogashira reaction is a cross-coupling reaction used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds. It employs a palladium catalyst as well as copper co-catalyst to form a carbon–carbon bond between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or vinyl halide .
Dicobalt octacarbonyl catalyzes alkyne trimerisation of diphenylacetylene to form hexaphenylbenzene. [ 5 ] Reaction of Ph 2 C 2 with benzal chloride in the presence of potassium t -butoxide affords 3- tert -butoxy-1,2,3-triphenyl cyclopropene , which converts to 1,2,3-triphenyl cyclopropenium bromide after the elimination of tert -butoxide.
The Sandmeyer reaction is an example of a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S RN Ar). The radical mechanism of the Sandmeyer reaction is supported by the detection of biaryl byproducts. [8]
An example of the Scholl reaction. Or the formation of the pyrene dibenzo-(a.1)-pyrene from the anthracene 1-phenylbenz(a)anthracene (66% yield). [8] An example of the Scholl reaction. One study showed that the reaction lends itself to cascade reactions to form more complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [9]
The reaction provides a means to generate alkynes from alkenes, which are first halogenated and then dehydrohalogenated. For example, phenylacetylene can be generated from styrene by bromination followed by treatment of the resulting of 1,2-dibromo-1-phenylethane with sodium amide in ammonia: [9] [10]
An ICE table or RICE box or RICE chart is a tabular system of keeping track of changing concentrations in an equilibrium reaction. ICE stands for initial, change, equilibrium . It is used in chemistry to keep track of the changes in amount of substance of the reactants and also organize a set of conditions that one wants to solve with. [ 1 ]
In organic chemistry, the Kumada coupling is a type of cross coupling reaction, useful for generating carbon–carbon bonds by the reaction of a Grignard reagent and an organic halide. The procedure uses transition metal catalysts , typically nickel or palladium, to couple a combination of two alkyl , aryl or vinyl groups .