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Sumerian phalanx-like formation c. 2400 BC, from detail of the victory stele of King Eannatum of Lagash over Umma, called the Stele of the Vultures. The phalanx (pl.: phalanxes or phalanges) [1] was a rectangular mass military formation, usually composed entirely of heavy infantry armed with spears, pikes, sarissas, or similar polearms tightly packed together.
Close order formation: The Stele of Vultures represents a Sumerian phalanx of spearmen with large shields (c. 2450 BC).. A close order formation is a military tactical formation in which soldiers are close together and regularly arranged for the tactical concentration of force.
Warfare in Sumer predominantly consisted of small-scale conflicts between nearby city-states. Sumerian armies consisted of bronze -armoured soldiers armed with various weapons, including spears , swords and sickle-swords , engaging each other in phalanx -like formations.
The text is written in Sumerian cuneiform script. From these inscriptions, it is known that the stele was commissioned by Eannatum, an ensi or ruler of Lagash around 2460 BC. On it, he describes a conflict with Umma over Gu-Edin , a tract of agricultural land located between the two city-states. [ 6 ]
Sumer (/ Λ s uΛ m Ιr /) is the ... c. 2600 BC Phalanx battle formations led by Sumerian king Eannatum, on a fragment of the Stele of the Vultures Silver model of a ...
Eannatum (Sumerian: πππΎπΊ É.AN.NA-tum 2; fl. c. 2450 BC) was a Sumerian Ensi (ruler or king) of Lagash.He established one of the first verifiable empires in history, subduing Elam and destroying the city of Susa, and extending his domain over the rest of Sumer and Akkad. [1]
The Assyrians were one of the most successful military kingdoms. They were one of the first to produce iron weapons, which, alongside their utter ruthlessness and the aforementioned tactics, helped them succeed with campaigns in Egypt, Asia Minor, and the Levant, arguably making the Assyrians one of the best ancient empires.
The history of Sumer spans through the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BCE.