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Similarly, septic drain fields are prone to bioclogging primarily due to the continuous flow of nutrient-rich wastewater. [20] [21] The organic material causing bioclogging in the septic tank is sometimes called biomat. [22] Pretreatment of water by filtration or reducing the load of the system could delay the failure of the system by bioclogging.
Field drainage systems are differentiated in surface and subsurface field drainage systems. Sometimes (e.g., in irrigated, submerged rice fields), a form of temporary drainage is required whereby the drainage system is allowed to function only on certain occasions (e.g., during the harvest period). If allowed to function continuously, excessive ...
The phrase "tile drainage" derives from its original composition from ceramic tiles of fired clay, which were similar to terracotta pipes yet not always shaped as pipes. In the 19th century a C-shaped channel tile commonly was placed like an arch atop a flat tile, denominated the "mug" and "sole", respectively.
"Over a mile long reach [of the water channel] adds up to over 1.5 acre of land needed for the two stage drainage ditch design". This acreage of land may already be currently used for other purposes or contains infrastructure and subsurface gas or sewer lines. Thus, the larger the channel is, the more soil, and thus, increased funds required to ...
Over-irrigation can cause deep drainage from rising water tables that can lead to problems of irrigation salinity requiring watertable control by some form of subsurface land drainage. However, if the soil is under-irrigated, it gives poor soil salinity control , which leads to increased soil salinity with the consequent buildup of toxic salts ...
The interception rate of channel drainage is greater than point drainage and the excavation required is usually much less deep. The surface opening of channel drainage usually comes in the form of gratings (polymer, plastic, steel or iron) or a single slot (slot drain) that run along the ground surface (typically manufactured from steel or iron).
Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff) is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface, in contrast to channel runoff (or stream flow).It occurs when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil.
Infiltration will occur where local groundwater elevation is higher than the sewer pipe. Gravel bedding materials in sewer pipe trenches act as a French drain. Groundwater flows parallel to the sewer until it reaches the area of damaged pipe. In areas of low groundwater, sewage may exfiltrate into groundwater from a leaking sewer. [6]