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The field of sociology of health and illness has been shaped by the perspectives and contributing works of various authors that have enabled its development. Many research studies touch on the relationship between the patient and doctor as well as their environment within the healthcare system.
Medical sociology is the sociological analysis of health, Illness, differential access to medical resources, the social organization of medicine, Health Care Delivery, the production of medical knowledge, selection of methods, the study of actions and interactions of healthcare professionals, and the social or cultural (rather than clinical or bodily) effects of medical practice. [1]
Sick role is a term used in medical sociology regarding sickness and the rights and obligations of the affected. [1] It is a concept created by American sociologist Talcott Parsons in 1951. [ 2 ] The sick role fell out of favour in the 1990s replaced by social constructist theories.
A sociological theory is a supposition that intends to consider, analyze, and/or explain objects of social reality from a sociological perspective, [1]: 14 drawing connections between individual concepts in order to organize and substantiate sociological knowledge.
Sociology of Health & Illness (SHI) is a peer-reviewed academic journal which covers the sociological aspects of health, illness, medicine, and health care. [1] It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Foundation for the Sociology of Health and Illness .
The biomedical and biopsychosocial models offer distinct perspectives on understanding and addressing health and illness. The biomedical model, historically prevalent, takes a reductionist approach by focusing on biological factors and treating diseases through medical interventions. [ 23 ]
In their book Society, Culture and Health: an Introduction to Sociology for Nurses, health sociologists Karen Willis and Shandell Elmer outline eight 'features' of the biomedical model's approach to illness and health: [1]: 27–29 doctrine of specific aetiology: that all illness and disease is attributable to a specific, physiological dysfunction
Ecosocial theory builds on these theories by incorporating biological explanations, a lifecourse perspective, and a multilevel perspective over space and time, to describe associations between exposures and disease, with an explicit focus on inequalities in health status among subjugated groups.