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A karyotype of an individual with trisomy 21, showing three copies of chromosome 21.. An abnormal number of chromosomes is known as aneuploidy, and occurs when an individual is either missing a chromosome from a pair (resulting in monosomy) or has more than two chromosomes of a pair (trisomy, tetrasomy, etc.).
HeLa cells are rapidly dividing cancer cells, and the number of chromosomes varies during cancer formation and cell culture. The current estimate (excluding very tiny fragments) is a "hypertriploid chromosome number (3n+)", which means 76 to 80 total chromosomes (rather than the normal diploid number of 46) with 22–25 clonally abnormal ...
Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human somatic cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. [1] [2] It does not include a difference of one or more complete sets of chromosomes. A cell with any number of complete chromosome sets is called a euploid cell. [1]
The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child.
A small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) is an abnormal extra chromosome.It contains copies of parts of one or more normal chromosomes and like normal chromosomes is located in the cell's nucleus, is replicated and distributed into each daughter cell during cell division, and typically has genes which may be expressed.
The Atlas is a peer reviewed on-line journal / encyclopedia / database in open access dealing with chromosomes, genes and cancers and the biology of normal and cancerous cells. Data types captured: Annotation on chromosomes, genes and cancers: Organisms: Human: Miscellaneous; Versioning: Yes: Data release frequency: every week: Curation policy
Most cancer cells are aneuploid, meaning that they have an abnormal number of chromosomes which often have significant structural abnormalities such as chromosomal translocations, where sections of one chromosome are exchanged or attached onto another. Changes in ploidy can alter expression of proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. [1] [2]
46,XX/46,XY is either a chimeric or mosaic genetic condition characterized by the presence of some cells that express a 46,XX karyotype and some cells that express a 46,XY karyotype in a single human being. [1] [2] [3] While some individuals with this condition may be classified as intersex, others may have typical male or female characteristics.