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Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.
In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the conversion of any carbonyl group, usually to an alcohol. It is a common transformation that is practiced in many ways. [1] Ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and acid halides - some of the most pervasive functional groups, -comprise carbonyl compounds.
The first one consists on thermally converting calcium carboxylate salts into the corresponding ketones. This was a common method for making acetone from calcium acetate during World War I. [6] The other method for making ketones consists on converting the vaporized carboxylic acids on a catalytic bed of zirconium oxide. [7]
An α,β-epoxyketone reacts with hydrazine hydrate to yield an allylic alcohol. [7] In the synthesis of warburganal, a bioactive natural product, the α,β-epoxyketone is formed from a cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketone and in a separate step reacts under the classical Wharton olefin synthesis conditions to yield an allylic diol. [8]
For oxidations to the aldehydes and ketones, two equivalents of chromic acid oxidize three equivalents of the alcohol: 2 HCrO 4 − + 3 RR'C(OH)H + 8 H + + 4 H 2 O → 2 [Cr(H 2 O) 6] 3+ + 3 RR'CO. For oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids, 4 equivalents of chromic acid oxidize 3 equivalents of the alcohol. The aldehyde is an ...
The carbonyl group is most commonly a ketone or an aldehyde. It is a common method to make amines and is widely used in green chemistry since it can be done catalytically in one-pot under mild conditions. In biochemistry, dehydrogenase enzymes use reductive amination to produce the amino acid glutamate. Additionally, there is ongoing research ...
The Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone, using peroxyacids or peroxides as the oxidant. [1] The reaction is named after Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger who first reported the reaction in 1899.