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Of those, the most important are guaiacol and syringol and their derivatives. Their presence can be used to trace a smoke source to a wood fire. In cooking, lignin in the form of hardwood is an important source of these two compounds, which impart the characteristic aroma and taste to smoked foods such as barbecue.
The term "lignin characterization" (or "lignin analysis") refers to a group of activities within lignin research aiming at describing the characteristics of a lignin by determination of its most important properties. [1] Most often, this term is used to describe the characterization of technical lignins by means of chemical or thermo-chemical ...
Flax seeds and sesame seeds contain high levels of lignans. [1] [8] The principal lignan precursor found in flaxseeds is secoisolariciresinol diglucoside.[1] [8] Other foods containing lignans include cereals (rye, wheat, oat and barley), soybeans, tofu, cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli and cabbage, and some fruits, particularly apricots and strawberries. [1]
For example, Norway spruce lignin is almost entirely derived from coniferyl alcohol, whereas paracoumaryl alcohol is the main monomer of lignin in grasses. [4] Even within one plant, the monomer composition of lignin can vary depending on the part of the plant and other phenolic compounds can be found as monomers in lignin.
Lignin-modifying enzymes have been actively used in the paper and pulp industry for the last decade. They were used in the industry shortly after they were discovered to have both detoxifying and decolorizing properties; properties that the pulp industry spends over $100 million USD annually on to pursue. [2]
Lignosulfonates (LS) are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers: they are byproducts from the production of wood pulp using sulfite pulping. [1] Most delignification in sulfite pulping involves acidic cleavage of ether bonds, which connect many of the constituents of lignin. [2]
An example of a possible lignin structure. The portion shown here (correcting a C 2 H to CH 2 and not counting the side chain denoted "Carbohydrate") has 28 monomers (mostly coniferyl alcohol ), 278 carbon atoms, 407 hydrogen atoms, and 94 oxygen atoms (64% carbon, 8% hydrogen, and 29% oxygen by weight) which seems to be too high in hydrogen.
International Paper: Kraft paper mill Woodchips for paper production. The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper.