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In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force ( F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance ( x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, Fs = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness ), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of ...
Quantity (common name/s) (Common) symbol/s Defining equation SI unit Dimension Wavefunction: ψ, Ψ : To solve from the Schrödinger equation: varies with situation and number of particles
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [ 2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science . Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical physics ...
Canonical commutation rule for position q and momentum p variables of a particle, 1927. pq − qp = h / (2 πi ). Uncertainty principle of Heisenberg, 1927. The uncertainty principle, also known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It states that there is a limit to the precision with which ...
Matrix mechanics is a formulation of quantum mechanics created by Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan in 1925. It was the first conceptually autonomous and logically consistent formulation of quantum mechanics. Its account of quantum jumps supplanted the Bohr model 's electron orbits.
Noether's theorem states that every continuous symmetry of the action of a physical system with conservative forces has a corresponding conservation law. This is the first of two theorems (see Noether's second theorem) proven by mathematician Emmy Noether in 1915 and published in 1918. [ 1] The action of a physical system is the integral over ...
v. t. e. In quantum physics, a measurement is the testing or manipulation of a physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory is that the predictions it makes are probabilistic. The procedure for finding a probability involves combining a quantum state, which mathematically describes a quantum system, with ...
Quantization (physics) Quantization (in British English quantisation) is the systematic transition procedure from a classical understanding of physical phenomena to a newer understanding known as quantum mechanics. It is a procedure for constructing quantum mechanics from classical mechanics. A generalization involving infinite degrees of ...