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A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil) separating areas in a vertical way, especially partway up a long slope. It can serve as a terrace road, track, path, a fortification line , a border / separation barrier for navigation, good drainage, industry, or other purposes.
Coastal erosion is one of the most significant hazards associated with the coast. Not in terms of a rare massive release of energy or material resulting in loss of life, as is associated with tsunami and cyclones, but in terms of a continual chronic release that forms a threat to infrastructure, capital assets and property.
Unlike geotextile berms, portable berms usually do not solidify oil. [citation needed] Many companies involved in fracking use spill containment berms to capture contaminated water that is a by-product of the operation. [citation needed] Each well site has multiple trucks that transport water used in deep well drilling procedure. [citation needed]
A conventional riprap revetment or seawall was deemed incompatible with this natural park setting, so the decision was made to construct a cobble berm that resembled the appearance and function of a natural cobble beach, backed by an artificial foredune that was reinforced by a core of sand-filled geotextile bags.
The location and size of the berm is subject to seasonal changes. For example, a winter berm that has been thrown up by storm surges in winter is usually much more prominent and higher up the beach than berms formed by summer high tides. A similar landform is a beach ridge.
A berm is a nearly horizontal portion that stays dry except during extremely high tides and storms. The swash zone is alternately covered and exposed by wave run-up. The beach face is the sloping section below the berm that is exposed to the swash of the waves.
Hügelkultur bed prior to being covered with soil. Hügelkultur is a German word meaning mound culture or hill culture. [3] Though the technique is alleged to have been practiced in German and Eastern European societies for hundreds of years, [1] [4] the term was first published in a 1962 German gardening booklet by Herrman Andrä. [5]
Shoreline indicators may be morphological features such as the berm crest, scarp edge, vegetation line, dune toe, dune crest and cliff or the bluff crest and toe. Alternatively, non-morphological features may be used such as water level (high water line (HWL), mean high water line) wet/dry boundary and the physical water line. [ 30 ]