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L2CAP is used within the Bluetooth protocol stack. It passes packets to either the Host Controller Interface (HCI) or, on a hostless system, directly to the Link Manager/ACL link. L2CAP's functions include: Multiplexing data between different higher layer protocols. Segmentation and reassembly of packets.
Internet access via ad hoc networks, using features like Windows' Internet Connection Sharing or dedicated software such as WiFi Direct Access Point, may work well with a small number of devices that are close to each other, but ad hoc networks do not scale well. Internet traffic will converge to the nodes with direct internet connection ...
This Linksys WRT54GS, a combined router and Wi‑Fi access point, operates using the 802.11g standard in the 2.4 GHz ISM band using signalling rates up to 54 Mbit/s. IEEE 802.11 Wi-fi networks are the most widely used wireless networks in the world, connecting devices like laptops (left) to the internet through a wireless router (right).
A wireless network interface device with a USB interface and internal antenna A Bluetooth interface card. A wireless network interface controller (WNIC) is a network interface controller which connects to a wireless network, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or LTE (4G) or 5G rather than a wired network, such as an Ethernet network.
On September 22, 2020, the SparkLight Alliance was established to formulate the NearLink short-range wireless technology standard. [16]By the end of 2021, the NearLink 1.0 standards were finalized, establishing a core end-to-end architecture that includes the NearLink access layer, basic service layer, and basic application layer.
The first version of the 802.11 protocol was released in 1997, and provided up to 2 Mbit/s link speeds. This was updated in 1999 with 802.11b to permit 11 Mbit/s link speeds. In 1999, the Wi-Fi Alliance formed as a trade association to hold the Wi-Fi trademark under which most IEEE 802.11 products are sold. [17]
A bluetooth radio module with built-in antenna (left) Any communication technology sending digital data wirelessly involves a modem. This includes direct broadcast satellite, WiFi, WiMax, mobile phones, GPS, Bluetooth and NFC. Modern telecommunications and data networks also make extensive use of radio modems where long distance data links are ...
The mandatory IrLMP (Infrared Link Management Protocol) is the third layer of the IrDA specifications. It can be broken down into two parts. First, the LM-MUX (Link Management Multiplexer), which lies on top of the IrLAP layer. Its most important achievements are: Provides multiple logical channels; Allows change of primary/secondary devices