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The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. [1] There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy ...
The drug works by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that copies HIV RNA into new viral DNA. By interfering with this process, which is central to the replication of HIV, emtricitabine can help to lower the amount of HIV, or " viral load ", in a patient's body and can indirectly increase the number of immune system cells (namely T ...
Common side effects of ritonavir include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and numbness of the hands and feet. [8] Serious side effects include liver complications, pancreatitis, allergic reactions, and arrhythmias. [8] Serious interactions may occur with a number of other medications including amiodarone and simvastatin. [8]
Common side effects include headache, tiredness, trouble sleeping, abdominal pain, weight loss, and rash. [5] Serious side effects may include high blood lactate levels and enlargement of the liver. [7] Use of this medication during pregnancy does not appear to harm the fetus, but this has not been well studied. [1]
Efavirenz (EFV), sold under the brand names Sustiva among others, is an antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS. [1] It is generally recommended for use with other antiretrovirals. [1]
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is under investigation, so its side effects have yet to be fully evaluated and may not be completely known. [19] Other side effects of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir may include hypersensitivity reactions, liver toxicity, and development of HIV drug resistance in people with uncontrolled or undiagnosed HIV infection.
Image of common antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV infection [1] Drug reactions are a major cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. Special populations of people, such as those who are HIV-positive, can be up to a hundred times more susceptible to immune-mediated adverse drug reactions than the general public. [2] [3]
HIV Mylan: NNRTI 1998 Elvitegravir: HIV Gilead Sciences Integrase inhibitor 2012 (Fixed-dose combo Stribild) 2014 (single pill) 2015 ; Emtricitabine: HIV Gilead Sciences NRTI 2003 Enfuvirtide: HIV Entry inhibitor 2003 Ensitrelvir: COVID-19: Shionogi: 3C-like protease inhibitor Entecavir: HIV NRTI 2005 Etravirine (Intelence) [8] HIV NNRTI 2008 ...