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A 3D model of ethyne (), the simplest alkyneIn organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. [1] The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula C n H 2n−2.
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −C n H 2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −C n H 2n−1. [2] Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group.
Alkenes are generally colorless non-polar compounds, somewhat similar to alkanes but more reactive. The first few members of the series are gases or liquids at room temperature. The simplest alkene, ethylene (C 2 H 4) (or "ethene" in the IUPAC nomenclature) is the organic compound produced on the largest scale industrially. [5]
General structure of an alkenyl peroxide. In organic chemistry, alkenyl peroxides are organic peroxides bearing an alkene (R 2 C=CR 2) residue directly at the peroxide (R−O−O−R) group, resulting in the general formula R 2 C=C(R)OOR. They have very weak O-O bonds and are thus generally unstable compounds. [1]
Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula C 2 H 2 and structure H−C≡C−H. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. [8] This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. [9]
An alkyne trimerisation is a [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction in which three alkyne units (C≡C) react to form a benzene ring. The reaction requires a metal catalyst. The process is of historic interest as well as being applicable to organic synthesis. [1] Being a cycloaddition reaction, it has high atom economy.
2-Octyne, also known as methylpentylethyne and oct-2-yne, [1] is a type of alkyne with a triple bond at its second carbon (the '2-' indicates the location of the triple bond in the chain). Its formula is C 8 H 14. [2] Its density at 25 °C and otherwise stable conditions is 0.759 g/ml. [3] The boiling point is 137 °C. [3]
2-Butyne (dimethylacetylene, crotonylene or but-2-yne) is an alkyne with chemical formula CH 3 C≡CCH 3. Produced artificially, it is a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid at standard temperature and pressure .