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Gibbs surround is named after the architect James Gibbs, who often used it and popularized it in England, for example at St Martin-in-the-Fields in London. Here the side doors have surrounds with all the details including pediments, while the round-topped windows along the sides have Gibbs surrounds if the broadest definition is used.
This transformation continued throughout the later parts of the early Middle Ages, gradually shifting into the large circular stained glass windows of the gothic era known as rose windows. [7] While tympanums are inspired by the shape and placement of pediments, classical pediments more closely transformed into rose windows than tympanums.
The main variant shapes are the "segmental", "curved", or "arch" pediment, where the straight line triangle of the cornice is replaced by a curve making a segment of a circle, the broken pediment where the cornice has a gap at the apex, [6] and the open pediment, with a gap in the cornice along the base. Both triangular and segmental pediments ...
Venetian window at Holkham Hall in Norfolk, England, c. 1734-64 A Venetian window (also known as a Serlian window ) is a large tripartite window which is a key element in Palladian architecture . Although Sebastiano Serlio (1475–1554) did not invent it, the window features largely in the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio (1508 ...
Fluting, very often convex, is also found in various media in the decorative arts, including metalware, wooden furniture, glass and pottery. It was common in English cut glass of the Georgian period. In metal plate armour, fluting was very practical, strengthening the plate against heavy blows. [36]
Also, the external divisions of a building by fenestration (windows). Bay window A window of one or more storeys projecting from the face of a building. Canted: with a straight front and angled sides. Bow window: curved. Oriel: rests on corbels or brackets and starts above ground level; also the bay window at the dais end of a medieval great ...
Sullivan's Prudential (Guaranty) Building in Buffalo and the Wainwright Building in St. Louis demonstrate the application of the Palazzo style to tall structures, which maintain the Renaissance features of a cornice and differentiated basement but which have its cliff-like walls composed mainly of glass, the rows of windows separated by ...
In 1956, "Phase Diagrams for Ceramists" was published the first time, containing a collection of phase diagrams. [2] This database is known today as "Phase Equilibria Diagrams". [3] in 1983, the "Handbook of Glass Data" was published, [4] followed by the creation of the Japanese database Interglad in 1991. [5]