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Sinus arrhythmia is a commonly encountered variation of normal sinus rhythm. Sinus arrhythmia characteristically presents with an irregular rate in which the variation in the R-R interval is more than 0.12 seconds (120 milliseconds). Additionally, P waves are typically mono-form and in a pattern consistent with atrial activation originating ...
A sinus rhythm is any cardiac rhythm in which depolarisation of the cardiac muscle begins at the sinus node. [1] It is necessary, but not sufficient, for normal electrical activity within the heart. [2] On the electrocardiogram (ECG), a sinus rhythm is characterised by the presence of P waves that are normal in morphology. [2]
The respiratory rhythm contributes to sinus arrhythmia in normal unanesthetized subjects during mechanical hyperventilation with positive pressure. [37] Low-frequency oscillations [41] are associated with Mayer waves (Traube–Hering–Mayer waves) of blood pressure and is usually at a frequency of 0.1 Hz, or a 10-second period.
There are 6 different sinus arrhythmia. [1] [2]A normal heart should have a normal sinus rhythm, this rhythm can be identified by a ventricular rate of 60-100 bpm, at a regular rate, with a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 second) and a normal QRS complex (0.12 second and less).
The term sinus arrhythmia [26] refers to a normal phenomenon of alternating mild acceleration and slowing of the heart rate that occurs with breathing in and out respectively. It is usually quite pronounced in children and steadily decreases with age.
Normal sinus rhythm produces the prototypical pattern of P wave, QRS complex, and T wave. Generally, deviation from normal sinus rhythm is considered a cardiac arrhythmia. Thus, the first question in interpreting an ECG is whether or not there is a sinus rhythm. A criterion for sinus rhythm is that P waves and QRS complexes appear 1-to-1, thus ...
Schematic representation of a normal sinus rhythm EKG wave. In electrocardiography, the PR interval is the period, measured in milliseconds, that extends from the beginning of the P wave (the onset of atrial depolarization) until the beginning of the QRS complex (the onset of ventricular depolarization); it is normally between 120 and 200 ms in duration.
Normal sinus rhythm is established by the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's pacemaker. The SA node is a specialized grouping of cardiomyocytes in the upper and back walls of the right atrium very close to the opening of the superior vena cava. The SA node has the highest rate of depolarization. [1]