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  2. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

    Soil bulk density is equal to the dry mass of the soil divided by the volume of the soil; i.e., it includes air space and organic materials of the soil volume. Thereby soil bulk density is always less than soil particle density and is a good indicator of soil compaction. [47] The soil bulk density of cultivated loam is about 1.1 to 1.4 g/cm 3 ...

  3. Soil mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_mechanics

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Density, Bulk Density, or Wet Density, ... the soil may be wet but the water content will decrease with elevation.

  4. Bulk density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_density

    The density of quartz is around 2.65 g/cm 3 but the (dry) bulk density of a mineral soil is normally about half that density, between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm 3. In contrast, soils rich in soil organic carbon and some friable clays tend to have lower bulk densities ( <1.0 g/cm 3 ) due to a combination of the low-density of the organic materials ...

  5. Water content - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content

    Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood. Water content is used in a wide range of scientific and technical areas, and is expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of the materials' porosity at saturation.

  6. Proctor compaction test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proctor_compaction_test

    In the early 1930s, he finally created a solution for determining the maximum density of soils. Proctor found that in a controlled environment (or within a control volume), the soil could be compacted to the point where the air could be completely removed, simulating the effects of a soil in situ conditions.

  7. Field capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_capacity

    The nominal definition of field capacity (expressed symbolically as θ fc) is the bulk water content retained in soil at −33 kPa (or −0.33 bar) of hydraulic head or suction pressure. The term originated from Israelsen and West [ 1 ] and Frank Veihmeyer and Arthur Hendrickson.

  8. Specific weight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_weight

    The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...

  9. Soil moisture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_moisture

    A historic surface soil moisture change in the Horn of Africa from August 2020 - December 2022. Soil moisture is the water content of the soil. It can be expressed in terms of volume or weight. Soil moisture measurement can be based on in situ probes (e.g., capacitance probes, neutron probes) or remote sensing methods. [1] [2]