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The maturation of complex analysis led to general techniques for conformal mapping, where points of a flat surface are handled as numbers on the complex plane.While working at the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce published his projection in 1879, [2] having been inspired by H. A. Schwarz's 1869 conformal transformation of a circle onto a ...
Boundary is a circle. All parallels and meridians are circular arcs. Usually clipped near 80°N/S. Standard world projection of the NGS in 1922–1988. c. 150: Equidistant conic = simple conic: Conic Equidistant Based on Ptolemy's 1st Projection Distances along meridians are conserved, as is distance along one or two standard parallels. [3] 1772
To find the way-points, that is the positions of selected points on the great circle between P 1 and P 2, we first extrapolate the great circle back to its node A, the point at which the great circle crosses the equator in the northward direction: let the longitude of this point be λ 0 — see Fig 1.
A medieval depiction of the Ecumene (1482, Johannes Schnitzer, engraver), constructed after the coordinates in Ptolemy's Geography and using his second map projection. In cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional surface of a globe on a plane.
Positions on the great circle of radius are parametrized by arc length measured from the northward crossing of the equator. The great ellipse has a semi-axes a {\displaystyle a} and a 1 − e 2 cos 2 γ 0 {\displaystyle a{\sqrt {1-e^{2}\cos ^{2}\gamma _{0}}}} , where γ 0 {\displaystyle \gamma _{0}} is the great-circle azimuth at the ...
It sends the point (0, 0, −1) to (0, 0), the equator z = 0 to the circle of radius √ 2 centered at (0, 0), and the lower hemisphere z < 0 to the open disk contained in that circle. The projection is a diffeomorphism (a bijection that is infinitely differentiable in both directions) between the sphere (minus (0, 0, 1)) and the open disk of ...
The equator is the circle of latitude that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude , about 40,075 km (24,901 mi) in circumference, halfway between the North and South poles. [ 1 ]
The celestial equator is the great circle of the imaginary celestial sphere on the same plane as the equator of Earth. By extension, it is also a plane of reference in the equatorial coordinate system. In other words, the celestial equator is an abstract projection of the terrestrial equator into outer space. [1]