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The Nibarka tilaka between the Shankha and Chakra. In Nimbarka Sampradaya, the tilaka is made of Gopi-Chandana (the clay from Gopi Kunda lake in Dwarka, Gujarat), as described in the Vasudeva Upanishad. It starts at the bridge of the nose and continues as two vertical lines to the top of the forehead. This is said to represent the temple of God.
The sampradaya currently is mainly present in Gujarat/Rajasthan, through the Vallabha sampradaya. The beliefs of the sampradaya was further propagated by Vallabha Acharya (1479–1531). Rudra sampradaya has two main divisions: Vishnuswamis , that is, followers of Vishnuswami and the Vallabhas or Pushtimarg sect, founded by Vallabha.
He is known as the early founder of the Rudra sampradaya, one of the four main traditions of Vaishnavaites. [2] Vallabhacharya founded the Krishna-centered Pushti-Marga sect of Vaishnavism in the Braj(Vraj) region of India. [3] In modern times followers of Shuddadvaita are concentrated in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat. [4]
A Nepali woman with a tilaka on her forehead. In Hinduism, the tilaka (Sanskrit: तिलक), colloquially known as a tika, is a mark worn usually on the forehead, at the point of the ajna chakra (third eye or spiritual eye) and sometimes other parts of the body such as the neck, hand, chest, or the arm. [1]
The Tripuṇḍra, three horizontal lines, on the forehead as well as other body parts are symbols during rites of passages, and for some a daily practice. [2] These lines, states Antonio Rigopoulos, represent Shiva’s threefold power of will (icchāśakti), knowledge (jñānaśakti), and action (kriyāśakti). [2]
The main scriptures of the sampradaya created in regional Braj Bhasha with status of the heaven language. [3] Hita-Caurāsī (a.k.a. Caurāsī Pad) — the eighty-four verses (hymns), the principal work of Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu. [2] Vyāhulau Utsav ke Pad (the Wedding Hymns of Radha and Krishna). [13]
In the Krishnaism group of Vaishnavism traditions, such as the Nimbarka Sampradaya (the first Krishnaite Sampradaya developed by Nimbarka c. 7th century CE), Ekasarana Dharma, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Mahanubhava, Rudra Sampradaya , Vaishnava-Sahajiya, and Warkari, devotees worship Krishna as the One Supreme form of God and source of all avatars ...
One pioneer of the Gaudiya Vaishnavite mission in the West was Baba Premananda Bharati (1858–1914), [78] author of Sree Krishna – the Lord of Love (1904) – the first full-length treatment of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in English, [79] who, in 1902, founded the short-lived "Krishna Samaj" society in New York City and built a temple in Los Angeles.