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As typically measured, one kcal/mol represents a temperature increase of one degree Celsius in one liter of water (with a mass of 1 kg) resulting from the reaction of one mole of reagents. In SI units, one kilocalorie per mole is equal to 4.184 kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol), which comes to approximately 6.9477 × 10 −21 joules per molecule, or ...
The SI unit of molar heat capacity is joule per kelvin per mole, J⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1. Like the specific heat, the measured molar heat capacity of a substance, especially a gas, may be significantly higher when the sample is allowed to expand as it is heated ( at constant pressure , or isobaric ) than when it is heated in a closed vessel that ...
For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...
The molar gas constant (also known as the gas constant, universal gas constant, or ideal gas constant) is denoted by the symbol R or R. It is the molar equivalent to the Boltzmann constant , expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per amount of substance , rather than energy per temperature increment per particle .
All values refer to 25 °C and to the thermodynamically stable standard state at that temperature unless noted. Values from CRC refer to "100 kPa (1 bar or 0.987 standard atmospheres)".
In other scientific contexts, the term "calorie" and the symbol "cal" almost always refers to the small unit; the "large" unit being generally called "kilocalorie" with symbol "kcal". It is mostly used to express the amount of energy released in a chemical reaction or phase change, typically per mole of substance, as in kilocalories per mole. [32]
For example, terrestrial air is primarily made up of diatomic gases (around 78% nitrogen, N 2, and 21% oxygen, O 2), and at standard conditions it can be considered to be an ideal gas. The above value of 1.4 is highly consistent with the measured adiabatic indices for dry air within a temperature range of 0–200 °C, exhibiting a deviation of ...
7 N nitrogen (N 2) use (N 2) 0.720 CRC (N 2) 0.71 LNG (N 2) 0.720 WEL (per mol N atoms) 0.36 8 O oxygen (O 2) use (O 2) 0.444 CRC (O 2) 0.44 LNG (O 2) 0.444 WEL (per mol O atoms) 0.222 9 F fluorine (F 2) use (F 2) 0.510 CRC (F 2) 0.51 LNG (F 2) 0.510 WEL (per mol F atoms) 0.26 10 Ne neon; use: 0.335 CRC: 0.328 LNG: 0.335 WEL: 0.34 11 Na sodium ...