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In 2004, the international community became increasingly interested in quinoa and it entered a boom and bust economic cycle that would last for over ten years. Between 2004 and 2011, quinoa became a more interesting commodity and global excitement for it increased. At this point, Bolivia and Peru were the only major producers of quinoa.
Around 4000 BCE the climate of the Sahara and the Sahel started to become drier at an exceedingly fast pace. This climate change caused lakes and rivers to shrink significantly and caused increasing desertification , potentially reducing the wild food supply and spurring people to domesticate plant crops. [ 2 ]
The potato thus became an important staple crop in northern Europe. Famines in the early 1770s contributed to its acceptance, as did government policies in several European countries and climate change during the Little Ice Age, when traditional crops in this region did not produce as reliably as before.
Timeline of cultivation Date Crops Location 8000 BCE [5]: Squash: Oaxaca, Mexico: 8000–5000 BCE [6]: Potato: Peruvian and Bolivian Andes 6000–4000 BCE [7]: Peppers: Bolivia
Maize and cassava were introduced from Brazil into Africa by Portuguese traders in the 16th century, [163] becoming staple foods, replacing native African crops. [164] After its introduction from South America to Spain in the late 1500s, the potato became a staple crop throughout Europe by the late 1700s.
Brazilian cuisine can be divided into several distinct locations. From the north of Brazil through the Amazonian jungle, and directly down the Brazilian coastline. This diversity reflects the country's mix of native Amerindians, Portuguese, Africans, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Syrians, Lebanese and Japanese, among others.
[114] [115] Many Latin American countries did pursue strategies of inward development and attempted regional integration, following the analyses of CEPAL, but by the end of the 1960s, economic dynamism had not been restored and "Latin American policy-making elites began to pay more attention to alternative ideas on trade and development." [116]
By the 18th century, they were cultivated and consumed widely in Europe and had become important crops in both India and North America. Potatoes eventually became an important staple food in the diets of many Europeans, contributing to an estimated 12 to 25% of the population growth in Afro-Eurasia between 1700 and 1900. [ 12 ]