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The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
Tibia shaft fracture is a fracture of the proximal (upper) third of the tibia (lower leg bone). Due to the location of the tibia on the shin, it is the most commonly fractured long bone in the body. Due to the location of the tibia on the shin, it is the most commonly fractured long bone in the body.
There are a number of classification systems attempting to categorise open fractures such as Gustilo-Anderson open fracture classification, Tscherne classification, and Müller AO Classification of fractures. However, Gustilo-Anderson open fracture classification is the most commonly used classification system. [1]
X-ray showing the proximal portion of a fractured tibia with an intramedullary nail Proximal femur nail with locking and stabilisation screws for treatment of femur fractures of left thigh. An intramedullary rod, also known as an intramedullary nail (IM nail) or inter-locking nail or Küntscher nail (without proximal or distal fixation), is a ...
Condylar blade plate for condylar fractures of the femur [16] Ender's nail for fixing intertrochanteric fracture [17] Grosse-Kempf nail for tibial or femoral shaft fracture [18] Hansson pin (or LIH for Lars Ingvar Hansson), a hook-pin used for fractures of the femoral neck [19] Harrington rod for fixation of the spine [20]
However, Type III fractures occur in 60% of all the open fracture cases. Infection of the Type III fractures is observed in 10% to 50% of the time. Therefore, in 1984, Gustilo subclassified Type III fractures into A, B, and C with the aim of guiding the treatment of open fractures, communication and research, and to predict outcomes.
X-ray showing the proximal portion of a fractured tibia with an intramedullary nail The surgical treatment of mandibular angle fracture; fixation of the bone fragments by the plates, the principles of osteosynthesis are stability (immobility of the fragments that creates the conditions for bones coalescence) and functionality Proximal femur ...
This is a high energy injury with a complex mechanism that includes varus and valgus forces. Up to 33% of these fractures may be open, often with extensive soft tissue injuries and risk of compartment syndrome. Represents 20% of all tibial plateau fractures. Hohl and Moore is an alternative classification for tibial plateau fractures. The 5 ...