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Inkayacu, along with other extinct penguins from Peru, are often referred to as giant penguins because of their large size. Inkayacu was among the largest described fossil penguins, measuring 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) long and weighing about 54.6–59.4 kilograms (120–131 lb), twice as heavy as the average emperor penguin, the largest extant penguin.
Previously, scientists believed that penguins evolved near the poles in Antarctica and New Zealand, and moved closer to the equator around 10 million years ago. Since Icadyptes salasi lived in Peru during a period of great warmth, penguins must have adapted to warm climates around 30 million years earlier than previously believed.
Pakudyptes Temporal range: late Oligocene (Waitakian stage), ~ 24 Ma Pre๊ ๊ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Sphenisciformes Genus: † Pakudyptes Ando et al., 2024 Species: † P. hakataramea Binomial name † Pakudyptes hakataramea Ando et al., 2024 Pakudyptes (meaning "small diver") is a genus of ...
Perudyptes devriesi is a basal penguin from the Middle Eocene (Mustersan, ~42 Ma) Paracas Formation of Peru. This new discovery is able to fill a major phylogenetic and stratigraphic (~20 million year) gap between the earliest fossil penguins (Waimanu manneringi and Muriwaimanu tuatahi, ~58–61.6 Ma) and the next oldest partial skeletons.
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The genus Kumimanu contains some of the largest penguins specimens known, surpassed only by Palaeeudyptes, which reached a total length of up to 2 m (6.6 ft) and a body mass of 116 kg (256 lbs). [3] This is a particularly significant discovery because the fossil is fifty-five million years old — older than all other previously found remains ...
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Waimanu was discovered in the Basal Waipara Greensand near the Waipara River, in Canterbury, New Zealand, in 1980.. The holotype is a partial skeleton comprising almost complete right tibiotarsus, proximal half of right fibula, right tarsometatarsus, right pelvis, and synsacrum (with last thoracic vertebra attached to the synsacrum), four caudal vertebrae.