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Most emperors of the Imperial period also received a temple name (廟號; Miàohào), used to venerate them in ancestor worship. [14] From the rule of Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BCE) onwards, [c] emperors also adopted one or several era names (年號; Niánhào), or "reign mottos", [17] to divide their rule by important events or ...
Another name given posthumously was the temple name (廟號; Miaohao), and along with the posthumous name, they were used for worship in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. [24] Due to the repetition of the same temple and posthumous names for emperors of different dynasties, the dynastic name is used as a differentiator when necessary.
Since Emperor Wu had just performed the religious feng (封) sacrifice at Mount Taishan, he named the new era yuanfeng (元封). This event is regarded as the formal establishment of era names in Chinese history. [16] Emperor Wu changed the era name once more when he established the 'Great Beginning' (太初 Taichu) calendar in 104 BC. [17]
The only Qing emperors who are not commonly known by their reign name are the first two: Nurhaci (r. 1616–1626), who is known by his personal name, and his son and successor Hong Taiji (r. 1626–1643), whose name was a title meaning "prince Hong". Hong Taiji was the only Qing emperor to use two era names (see table).
This is a list of the Chinese era names used by the various dynasties and regimes in the history of China, sorted by monarch. The English renditions of the era names in this list are based on the Hanyu Pinyin system. However, some academic works utilize the Wade–Giles romanization.
It was taboo to refer to the emperor by his given name, even for the emperor's own mother, who instead was to use Huangdi (皇帝), or simply Er (儿; 兒 'son', for a male emperor). The given names of all the emperor's deceased male ancestors were forbidden from being written, and were avoided (避諱) by the use of synonyms, homophones, or ...
Emperor Faustin of the Empire of Haiti (1849–1859) Emperor Maximilian of the Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867) Emperor Sunjong and Gojong of the Korean Empire (1897–1910) The Hongxian Emperor of the Empire of China (1915–1916) The Datong Emperor of the Empire of Manchuria (1934–1945) Emperor Bảo Đại of the Empire of Vietnam (1945)
Chinese emperors who abdicated (9 P) D. Dali emperors (6 P) E. Emperors by Imperial Chinese dynasty (19 C) Chinese empresses regnant (1 C, 3 P) H. Heavenly kings of ...