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Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB) and affects up to 11% of children born at term – it is even more common (3 to 6 times more) in children born pre-term. [67]
Obstructive sleep apnea can affect people regardless of sex, race, or age. [32] However, risk factors include: [33] male sex [33] [34] [18] obesity [33] [34] age over 40 [33] large neck circumference [33] enlarged tonsils or tongue [33] narrow upper jaw [15] small lower jaw [34] tongue fat/tongue scalloping [15] a family history of sleep apnea [33]
Symptoms of infantile apnea occur most frequently during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. [4] The nature and severity of breathing problems in patients can be detected in a sleep study called a polysomnography which measures the brain waves, heartbeat, body movements and breathing of a patient overnight. [4]
“Sleep apnea [is] still an under-recognized and undertreated sleep disorder that can affect brain and cardiovascular health,” Alberto R. Ramos, MD, MS, FAAN, FAASM, professor of clinical ...
During sleep, people with severe sleep apnea can have over thirty episodes of intermittent apnea per hour every night. [3] Apnea can also be observed during periods of heightened emotion, such as during crying or accompanied by the Valsalva maneuver when a person laughs. Apnea is a common feature of sobbing while crying, characterized by slow ...
Breath-holding spells occur in approximately 5% of the population with equal distribution between males and females. They are most common in children between 6 and 18 months and usually not present after 5 years of age. They are unusual before 6 months of age. A positive family history can be elicited in 25% of cases.
Sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, obstruction of the airway during sleep, causing lack of sufficient deep sleep, often accompanied by snoring. Other forms of sleep apnea are less common. [89] Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a medical disorder that is caused by repetitive collapse of the upper airway (back of the throat) during sleep.
Central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that causes ineffective breathing, apnea, or respiratory arrest during sleep (and during wakefulness in severe cases). CHS can either be congenital (CCHS) or acquired (ACHS) later in life.
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