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  2. Principles of grouping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles_of_grouping

    Law of Closure. The principle of closure refers to the mind's tendency to see complete figures or forms even if a picture is incomplete, partially hidden by other objects, or if part of the information needed to make a complete picture in the minds is missing. For example, if part of a shape's border is missing people still tend to see the ...

  3. Epistemic closure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemic_closure

    Epistemic closure [1] is a property of some belief systems.It is the principle that if a subject knows , and knows that entails, then can thereby come to know .Most epistemological theories involve a closure principle and many skeptical arguments assume a closure principle.

  4. Causal closure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_closure

    Physical causal closure is a metaphysical theory about the nature of causation in the physical realm with significant ramifications in the study of metaphysics and the mind. In a strongly stated version, physical causal closure says that "all physical states have pure physical causes" — Jaegwon Kim , [ 1 ] or that "physical effects have only ...

  5. Gestalt psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology

    The principle of psychophysical isomorphism hypothesizes that there is a correlation between conscious experience and cerebral activity. [16] Based on the principles, phenomenon experimental analysis was derived, which asserts that any psychological research should take phenomena as a starting point and not be solely focused on sensory qualities.

  6. Closure (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_(psychology)

    The need for closure in social psychology is thought to be a fairly stable dispositional characteristic that can, nonetheless, be affected by situational factors. The Need for Closure Scale (NFCS) was developed by Arie Kruglanski, Donna Webster, and Adena Klem in 1993 and is designed to operationalize this construct and is presented as a unidimensional instrument possessing strong discriminant ...

  7. Triadic closure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triadic_closure

    Triadic closure is a concept in social network theory, first suggested by German sociologist Georg Simmel in his 1908 book Soziologie [Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation]. [1] Triadic closure is the property among three nodes A, B, and C (representing people, for instance), that if the connections A-B and A-C exist, there is a ...

  8. Robert Nozick - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nozick

    A major feature of Nozick's theory of knowledge is his rejection of the principle of deductive closure. This principle states that if S knows X and S knows that X implies Y, then S knows Y. Nozick's truth tracking conditions do not allow for the principle of deductive closure.

  9. Closure (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_(mathematics)

    The closure of a subset is the result of a closure operator applied to the subset. The closure of a subset under some operations is the smallest superset that is closed under these operations. It is often called the span (for example linear span ) or the generated set .