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In the course of the 1st millennium CE, Jewish scholars [which?] developed an elaborate system of seven heavens, named: [5] [6] [7]. Vilon (Hebrew: וִילוֹן, Tiberian: Wīlōn, Curtain) [8] or Araphel (Hebrew: עֲרָפֶל, Tiberian: ʿĂrāp̄el, Thick Cloud): [9] The first heaven, governed by Archangel Gabriel, is the closest of heavenly realms to the Earth; it is also considered the ...
The Old Testament indicates that Enoch and Elijah were assumed into heaven while still alive and not experiencing physical death. There is also an idea that Moses was assumed bodily into Heaven after his death; this is based on the Epistle of Saint Jude, where Saint Michael the Archangel contends with Satan over the body of Moses.
Descriptions of Heaven in the New Testament are more fully developed than those in the Old Testament, but are still generally vague. [54] As in the Old Testament, in the New Testament God is described as the ruler of Heaven and Earth, but his power over the Earth is challenged by Satan. [43]
The Old Testament likewise locates islands alongside the Earth; these are the "ends of the earth" according to Isaiah 41:5, the extreme edge of Job's circular horizon (Job 26:10) where the vault of heaven is supported on mountains. [58]
The early church fathers, many of whom were taught directly by the Apostles, spoke of three heavens.In the common parlance of the time, the atmosphere where birds fly was considered the first heaven, the space where the stars resided was regarded as the second heaven, and God's abode was deemed the third heaven.
Known saints include canonized Catholics, such as those listed in the Litany of the Saints: the Patriarchs and Prophets of the Old Testament, King David and Solomon, the Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph, John the Baptist, the Holy Innocents, the Penitent Thief, the Apostles (sans Judas Iscariot), Saint Paul, and the Doctors of the Church. [18]
In the New Testament, the Throne of God (Ancient Greek: ὁ θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ, romanized: ho thronos tou Theou) is talked about in several forms, [7] including Heaven as the Throne of God, the Throne of David, the Throne of Glory, the Throne of Grace and many more. [7]
The Old Testament righteous follow Christ from Hades to heaven (Russian icon). The "Limbo of the Patriarchs" or "Limbo of the Fathers" (Latin limbus patrum) is seen as the temporary state of those who, despite the sins they may have committed, died in the friendship of God but could not enter heaven until redemption by Jesus Christ made
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