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Some people can have elevated levels of p16 but test negative for HPV and vice versa. This is known as discordant cancer. The 5-year survival for people who test positive for HPV and p16 is 81%, for discordant cancer it is 53 – 55%, and 40% for those who test negative for p16 and HPV. [209] [210]
Oropharyngeal cancer, [1] [2] [3] also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and tonsil cancer, [1] is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.
HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer generally has a better outcome than HPV-negative disease, with a 54% better survival rate, [18] but this advantage for HPV-associated cancer applies only to oropharyngeal cancers. [19] People with oropharyngeal carcinomas are at high risk of developing a second primary head and neck cancer. [20]
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [3] [4] Cancer can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, meaning they may be general phenomena that do not point directly to a specific disease process. [5]
The stages of oropharyngeal cancer are as follows: [23] • Stage 0 (carcinoma in situ): This stage indicates a good prognosis as most patients with stage 0 survive for a long period without the requirement of an intensive treatment. Although, the patient must cease smoking as it can increase the risk of developing a new cancer.
The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. [11] In children under 15 at diagnosis, the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. [18] For cancer in the United States, the average five-year survival rate is 66% for all ages. [5]
The American Cancer Society estimates that nearly 27,000 new cases of stomach cancer will be diagnosed this year, though the disease is still relatively rare: It makes up around 1.5% of new ...
Oral cancer has an overall 5 year survival rate of 65% in the United States as of 2015. [4] This varies from 84% if diagnosed when localized, compared to 66% if it has spread to the lymph nodes in the neck, and 39% if it has spread to distant parts of the body. [4] Survival rates also are dependent on the location of the disease in the mouth. [16]