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Phospholipids [1] are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule). Marine phospholipids typically have omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA integrated as part of the phospholipid molecule. [2]
An example of a phosphatidylcholine, a type of phospholipid in egg lecithin. Red - choline and phosphate group; Black - glycerol; Green - unsaturated fatty acid; Blue - saturated fatty acid. Egg lecithin is a type of lecithin, a group of compounds primarily containing phospholipids, that is derived from eggs.
Phosphatidylethanolamines in food break down to form phosphatidylethanolamine-linked Amadori products as a part of the Maillard reaction. [13] These products accelerate membrane lipid peroxidation, causing oxidative stress to cells that come in contact with them. [14] Oxidative stress is known to cause food deterioration and several diseases.
Commercial lecithin, as used by food manufacturers, is a mixture of phospholipids in oil. The lecithin can be obtained by water degumming the extracted oil of seeds. It is a mixture of various phospholipids, and the composition depends on the origin of the lecithin. A major source of lecithin is soybean oil.
1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate choline as a headgroup.They are a major component of biological membranes and can easily be obtained from a variety of readily available sources, such as egg yolk or soybeans, from which they are mechanically or chemically extracted using hexane.
The three major classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Lipids are amphiphilic: they have one end that is soluble in water ('polar') and an ending that is soluble in fat ('nonpolar'). By forming a double layer with the polar ends pointing outwards and the nonpolar ends pointing inwards membrane lipids can ...
Phospholipids: Phospholipids are a major component of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and are found in many parts of the body. [25] Sphingolipids: Sphingolipids are mostly found in the cell membrane of neural tissue. [18] Glycolipids: The main role of glycolipids is to maintain lipid bilayer stability and facilitate cell recognition. [25]
Complexation with phospholipids has been applied to a number of popular herbal extracts and active molecules including Ginkgo biloba extract, [4] bilobalide isolated from Ginkgo biloba, [5] silybin isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), [6] curcumin isolated from turmeric, [7] and green tea extract (Camellia sinensis).